This study contributes to compelling evidence for coffee consumption, but it does not isolate the effects of caffeine alone. More studies are obviously needed to understand the exact mechanism of action, and this study was relatively small -- 124 subjects.
Excessive caffeine intake, like the levels found in stimulant drinks, has been shown to be dangerous with regard to hypertension, ischemic renal and cardiac disease, and cardiac arrhythmias. By the way, there is no known supplement that actually increases energy, burns fat, or improves cognition.
What may change from such usage is the user's perception.
The incidence of dementia is growing rapidly with the aging of the population, and research in this area has been increasing aggressively over the past 20 years; expect some new advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention within the next several months.