The Sombrero Galaxy ~ aka Messier 104 (or M104)
Messier 104 (M104), also known as the Sombrero Galaxy, is a majestic unbarred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo.
The Sombrero Galaxy has an apparent magnitude of 8.98 and lies at a distance of 29.3 million light years from Earth. It has the designation NGC 4594 in the New General Catalogue.
M104 occupies an area 8.7 by 3.5 arc minutes in apparent size, corresponding to a linear diameter of about 50,000 light years. The galaxy is inclined at an angle of only 7 degrees to our line of sight and appears edge-on. It is visible in binoculars and small telescopes, but only appears as a small patch of light.
4-inch telescopes may hint at the galaxy’s dark dust lane under exceptionally good conditions, but the dust lane usually requires a 10-inch or 12-inch telescope. The galaxy’s bulge and disk are visible in 8-inch and larger telescopes.
Messier 104 is located 11.5 degrees west of Spica, the brightest star in Virgo, and 5.5 degrees east of magnitude 4.31 star Eta Corvi in Corvus constellation. Spica is easy to locate using the stars of the Big Dipper. The line formed by the three stars of the Dipper’s handle extended outward first leads to the bright Arcturus in the constellation Boötes and then to Spica. The Sombrero Galaxy lies just next to the border with Corvus. The best time of year to observe the galaxy is during the spring.
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The famous Sombrero galaxy (M104) is a bright nearby spiral galaxy. The prominent dust lane and halo of stars and globular clusters give this galaxy its name. Something very energetic is going on in the Sombrero’s center, as much X-ray light has been detected from it. This X-ray emission coupled with unusually high central stellar velocities cause many astronomers to speculate that a black hole lies at the Sombrero’s center – a black hole a billion times the mass of our Sun. Image: NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Messier 104 has an incredibly bright nucleus, an unusually large central bulge, and a conspicuous dark dust lane in its disk. The appearance of the galactic bulge and the dust lane that crosses in front of it have earned M104 the name Sombrero. The dust lane has the shape of a symmetrical ring around the bulge. The ring contains most of M104’s cold hydrogen gas and dust and is the primary site of starburst activity within M104.
The Sombrero Galaxy’s large bulge and supermassive black hole at its core make the galaxy a popular target for study.
The galaxy was previously believed to have a small, light halo, typical for a spiral, but observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope have revealed a considerably larger and more massive halo, commonly seen in giant elliptical galaxies. The Sombrero Galaxy’s vast halo may extend for 10,000 light years beyond the spiral structure.